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There are several industrial and commercial buildings which now exceed 60 stories or more. These buildings all require tall cranes to be able to help transport the supplies to the higher floors. There are cranes that are operated from the rear of trucks or other types which have their own vehicle attached. Tower cranes are the biggest types on the market.
Tower cranes are stand-alone structures found as part of a major city's downtown skyline on high-rise building projects. Wherever new construction like for example skyscrapers or apartment buildings and commercial facilities like for instance shopping center are being built, chances are a crane will be on site.
Types
There are two different kinds of cranes: boom crane or the jib crane. The jib is a metal frame that extends from the main section. On a flat tower crane, the jib remains horizontal when it carries things. On a luffing kind of tower crane, the jib can ratchet to downward or upward angles. The lifting capacity for both types could vary from 30 pounds to 10,000 lbs.
Body
The crane's body is composed of a vertical steel mast which is composed of separate [parts. The parts are added to increase the overall height of the machinery. The mast extends upward to wherever the desired height is, to the control module, that is a small room which has glass windows on all four sides or to the tower as it is also referred to. The operator of the crane works from inside of the tower.
Lift
The crane utilizes a braided metal cord to be able to raise materials. This cord extends out from a motor located next to the control module to the end of the boom or jib. There is a pulley system located at the end of the jib, through which the cord is positioned and lowered down. The jib that holds the cord becomes balanced by a counter jib located on the tower's opposite side. The counter jib has weights. These weights help to prevent the crane from toppling over when lifting heavy supplies.
The hydraulic truck crane is a particular mobile crane that uses hydraulic power to lift and transport thousands of pounds. Hydraulics makes use of forces being transmitted through oil pushing on the boom's pistons in opposite directions in order to lift thousands of pounds. Hydraulic truck cranes are vital in building major projects like bridges, airports, buildings and roads. A crane could complete in minutes tasks which will normally take lots of hours and hundreds of men to complete.
These impressive machines have played a vital part in constructing houses, cities, entire nations and individual buildings throughout the ages. Even Egypt's Great Pyramids were likely constructed with the help of basic cranes to enable the heaviest supplies in one of the most awesome construction projects ever.
The very first representation of a crane was featured during King Ramses' reign in Egypt during 3000 B.C. This was a portrayal of a lifting mechanism that was used to collect water. The first official "cranes" appeared during Ancient Greece. These mechanism were used to build a whole nation in the 5th century B.C.
These cranes were initially made out of wood. The designs of cranes started to change when dockyards started to need stronger and larger machinery. Hick & Rothwell designed the first cast iron cranes in Bolton, England, during the year 1834. This machine could lift as much as 2 tons. That same year, the addition of wire rope was added to the crane by an Official of the German Superior Board, Herr Albert Sr. The wire rope made the crane more durable and stronger. This addition enabled cranes to have a bigger capacity for lifting heavy weights.
The wire ropes were weaved together forming a more powerful rope with even more strength. The newly formed wire also added more flexibility. 4 years later, Germany began to build cast iron cranes. The very first cast iron crane built by Germany was built within Neuburg.
